RF splitters and combiners are core passive radio frequency devices in RF and microwave complete machine systems. With complementary functions and interconnected structures, they are special supporting devices for realizing RF signal power distribution and signal synthesis, and are widely installed in communication base stations, RF test equipment, radar complete machines, satellite transmission equipment and wireless networking equipment. As key supporting complete machine units in the RF link, the equipment performance of RF splitters and combiners directly affects the signal uniformity, transmission loss, isolation and operational stability of the entire RF system, serving as indispensable basic hardware for the networking operation of various wireless RF equipment.

　　In terms of equipment definition and core structure, RF splitters are RF power dividers, which belong to signal distribution equipment. Their core function is to evenly divide one input RF signal into multiple output signals to ensure balanced power output of each port. Such equipment is internally equipped with precise microstrip circuits, resistance matching networks and shielded cavity structures, featuring accurate impedance matching, low insertion loss and high isolation. In contrast, RF combiners are RF power combiners belonging to signal synthesis equipment. They integrate multiple RF signals of different or the same frequency band into a single output signal, realizing multi-signal common-link transmission and effectively saving interface resources and wiring space of complete equipment.

　　Classified by equipment structure and working principle, RF splitters and combiners can be divided into three mainstream types: resistive, microstrip and cavity, which adapt to the working condition requirements of different complete equipment. Resistive power splitting and combining equipment has a simple structure, small size and low cost, suitable for civil small wireless equipment, indoor distribution complete machines and other scenarios with moderate precision requirements. Microstrip equipment features high integration and good consistency, and can be widely adapted to communication terminals, vehicle-mounted RF complete machines and small test instrument equipment. Cavity equipment with high power resistance, low loss and high isolation is high-end industrial-grade equipment, mainly supporting high-precision and high-power equipment such as 5G macro base stations, military radar equipment and satellite communication complete machines.

　　In the supporting application of complete equipment, RF splitters and combiners have clear and indispensable divisions of labor. In the signal transmitting complete machine system, combiners can integrate multi-channel transmitting signals to realize single-port output, simplify the internal link structure of the complete machine and reduce equipment redundancy. In the signal receiving complete machine system, splitters can shunt received signals to different processing modules, ensuring synchronous multi-channel signal acquisition and improving the detection and receiving accuracy of the complete machine. Meanwhile, both types of equipment have good electromagnetic compatibility, adapt to the networking environment of dense RF complete equipment, effectively suppress signal crosstalk between ports, and avoid mutual signal interference inside the complete machine.

　　Currently, wireless RF equipment is iterating towards miniaturized integration, high frequency and high power, and multi-channel integration, which continuously raises upgraded requirements for the parameters, structural technology and adaptability of RF splitters and combiners. Power splitting and combining equipment with low insertion loss, high isolation, wide frequency band and miniaturization has become the core selection standard for high-end RF complete machines, communication equipment and military detection equipment. High-quality RF splitters and combiners can greatly improve the operational efficiency and stability of the entire RF equipment and reduce equipment operation and maintenance costs, acting as a core foundation device supporting the efficient and stable operation of various RF complete machine systems.